A cellular automaton for the modeling of oscillations in a surface reaction

The reaction of CO and O over a catalytic surface is studied with a cellular automata ~CA! model. We extend the CA model proposed by Mai and von Niessen @Phys. Rev. A 44 R6165 ~1991!# taking into account the variation of the temperature of the catalyst with the aim of analyzing the existence of oscillations in this reaction. The rate constants for different processes which govern the reaction are chosen in the Arrhenius form. Quasiperiodic, aperiodic, O-poisoned, and CO-poisoned regimes are observed depending on the temperature relaxation parameter. The results from the CA model presented are in agreement with several oscillatory behaviors which the catalyzed oxidation of CO exhibits.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. España BFM2003-03986 / FIS

Network and biosignature analysis for the integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data to characterize leaf senescence process in sunflower

In recent years, high throughput technologies have led to an increase of datasets from omics disciplines allowing the understanding of the complex regulatory networks associated with biological processes. Leaf senescence is a complex mechanism controlled by multiple genetic and environmental variables, which has a strong impact on crop yield. Transcription factors (TFs) are key proteins in the regulation of gene expression, regulating different signaling pathways; their function is crucial for triggering and/or regulating different aspects of the leaf senescence process. The study of TF interactions and their integration with metabolic profiles under different developmental conditions, especially for a non-model organism such as sunflower, will open new insights into the details of gene regulation of leaf senescence.Fil: Moschen, Sebastián Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Higgins, Janet. The Genome Analysis Centre; Reino UnidoFil: Di Rienzo, Julio Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Heinz, Ruth Amelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Paniego, Norma Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Paula del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Conhecimentos sobre aleitamento e a relação com a sua prevalência

Objective: Determine the level of knowledge about maternal breastfeeding and analyze to what extent this influences the intention to breastfeed after the introduction of infant feeding at the 6th and 16th weeks and at 6 months postpartum. Method: Prospective descriptive study conducted with pregnant women in Galicia (Spain). By means of a self-filling questionnaire, data were collected on the intention of the woman to feed the newborn and their knowledge about breastfeeding. Pregnant women were also contacted at the 6th and 16th weeks and at 6 months postpartum to know the type of feeding they gave their child. Results: 297 pregnant women participated in the study, of which 90.4% wanted to exclusively breastfeed their baby, however, only 28.2% continued up to 6 months. The level of knowledge about breastfeeding was regular and it was observed that it influences both the intention and the type of feeding of the newborn, thus it is an element to be considered when developing educational strategies aimed at increasing breastfeeding rates. Conclusion: The level of pregnant women’s knowledge about breastfeeding is regular and influences the choice of how to feed their babies and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Strategies should be implemented to increase knowledge and improve breastfeeding rates

Cooperativas

Las cooperativas cumplen un rol importante en nuestra sociedad. La Alianza Cooperativa Internacional, define a una cooperativa como una asociación autónoma de personas que se han unido voluntariamente para hacer frente a sus necesidades y aspiraciones económicas, sociales y culturales comunes por medio de una empresa de propiedad conjunta y democráticamente controlada. Teniendo en cuenta esto, en el siguiente trabajo nos abocaremos a desarrollar los aspectos contables, impositivos y sociales de una cooperativa, indagando en la historia de la misma así como en la normativa legal vigente. Para ello realizamos un análisis documental, cuyo propósito es la realización de una investigación descriptiva. Con la información obtenida por medio del análisis de contenido y entrevistas, es que se logra exponer la importancia y particularidades con las que cuenta una cooperativa procurando ofrecer al lector del trabajo un conocimiento detallado del objeto de estudio. Con todo esto pudimos concluir en que las cooperativas constan de claras diferencias respecto a otros tipos societarios en cada uno de los aspectos analizados.Fil: Castellar, Soledad del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Fernández, Paula Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Suárez, Tamara Ludmila. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Severe loss of mechanical efficiency in COVID-19 patients

MPOC; Disfunció muscular; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVEPOC; Disfunción muscular; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVCOPD; Muscular dysfunction; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoVBackground There is limited information about the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the muscular dysfunction, despite the generalized weakness and fatigue that patients report after overcoming the acute phase of the infection. This study aimed to detect impaired muscle efficiency by evaluating delta efficiency (DE) in patients with COVID-19 compared with subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and control group (CG). Methods A total of 60 participants were assigned to four experimental groups: COVID-19, COPD, IHD, and CG (n = 15 each group). Incremental exercise tests in a cycle ergometer were performed to obtain peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). DE was obtained from the end of the first workload to the power output where the respiratory exchange ratio was 1. Results A lower DE was detected in patients with COVID-19 and COPD compared with those in CG (P ≤ 0.033). However, no significant differences were observed among the experimental groups with diseases (P > 0.05). Lower VO2peak, peak ventilation, peak power output, and total exercise time were observed in the groups with diseases than in the CG (P < 0.05). A higher VO2, ventilation, and power output were detected in the CG compared with those in the groups with diseases at the first and second ventilatory threshold (P < 0.05). A higher power output was detected in the IHD group compared with those in the COVID-19 and COPD groups (P < 0.05) at the first and second ventilatory thresholds and when the respiratory exchange ratio was 1. A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was found between the VO2peak and DE and between the peak power output and DE (P < 0.001). Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 showed marked mechanical inefficiency similar to that observed in COPD and IHD patients. Patients with COVID-19 and COPD showed a significant decrease in power output compared to IHD during pedalling despite having similar response in VO2 at each intensity. Resistance training should be considered during the early phase of rehabilitation

Periodical forcing for the control of chaos in a chemical reaction

Control of the chaotic behavior of a chemical system can be achieved perturbing periodically some control parameters of the system. This procedure based on external forcing, which is based on the phenomenon of resonance, can change a chaotic behavior into a periodical one by means of the application of a sinusoidal perturbation. In this paper, the influence of a periodical modulation added to the parameter controlling the oxygen adsorption rate in a cellular automaton (CA) model studying CO oxidation is analyzed. This CA model considers the oxidation reaction of CO on a catalytic surface, taking into account the catalyst temperature variation in order to analyze the reaction time oscillatory behavior. Simulations of the CA model exhibit chaotic and quasiperiodical behaviors, and it can be shown that the periodical forcing strategy can suppress the chaotic dynamics by means of the stabilization of periodical solutions.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de España. BFM2003-03986/FISIJunta de Andalucía. FQM-12

Transcription factors associated with leaf senescence in crops

Leaf senescence is a complex mechanism controlled by multiple genetic and environmental variables. Different crops present a delay in leaf senescence with an important impact on grain yield trough the maintenance of the photosynthetic leaf area during the reproductive stage. Additionally, because of the temporal gap between the onset and phenotypic detection of the senescence process, candidate genes are key tools to enable the early detection of this process. In this sense and given the importance of some transcription factors as hub genes in senescence pathways, we present a comprehensive review on senescence-associated transcription factors, in model plant species and in agronomic relevant crops. This review will contribute to the knowledge of leaf senescence process in crops, thus providing a valuable tool to assist molecular crop breeding.Fil: Bengoa Luoni, Sofia Ailin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Astigueta, Francisco Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Nicosia, Salvador. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Moschen, Sebastián Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-Santiago del Estero. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Paula del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Heinz, Ruth Amelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentin

De novo assembly and characterization of leaf transcriptome for the development of functional molecular markers of the extremophile multipurpose tree species Prosopis alba

Background: Prosopis alba (Fabaceae) is an important native tree adapted to arid and semiarid regions of north-western Argentina which is of great value as multipurpose species. Despite its importance, the genomic resources currently available for the entire Prosopis genus are still limited. Here we describe the development of a leaf transcriptome and the identification of new molecular markers that could support functional genetic studies in natural and domesticated populations of this genus. Results: Next generation DNA pyrosequencing technology applied to P. alba transcripts produced a total of 1,103,231 raw reads with an average length of 421 bp. De novo assembling generated a set of 15,814 isotigs and 71,101 non-assembled sequences (singletons) with an average of 991 bp and 288 bp respectively. A total of 39,000 unique singletons were identified after clustering natural and artificial duplicates from pyrosequencing reads. Regarding the non-redundant sequences or unigenes, 22,095 out of 54,814 were successfully annotated with Gene Ontology terms. Moreover, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were searched, resulting in 5,992 and 6,236 markers, respectively, throughout the genome. For the validation of the the predicted SSR markers, a subset of 87 SSRs selected through functional annotation evidence was successfully amplified from six DNA samples of seedlings. From this analysis, 11 of these 87 SSRs were identified as polymorphic. Additionally, another set of 123 nuclear polymorphic SSRs were determined in silico, of which 50% have the probability of being effectively polymorphic. Conclusions: This study generated a successful global analysis of the P. alba leaf transcriptome after bioinformatic and wet laboratory validations of RNA-Seq data. The limited set of molecular markers currently available will be significantly increased with the thousands of new markers that were identified in this study. This information will strongly contribute to genomics resources for P. alba functional analysis and genetics. Finally, it will also potentially contribute to the development of population-based genome studies in the genera.Fil: Torales, Susana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Rivarola, Maximo Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pomponio, María Florencia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: González, Sergio Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Cintia Vanesa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Paula del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: López Lauenstein, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Verga, Aníbal Ramón. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Geneticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Hopp, Horacio Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Paniego, Norma Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marcucci Poltri, Susana Noemí. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentin

Cambios en propiedades químicas y bioquímicas del suelo asociados al reemplazo de pastizales naturales por Pinus radiata D. Don y rotaciones agrícolas

El reemplazo de vegetación nativa de pastizales por agricultura, o por forestación, genera cambios en las propiedades del suelo afectando su productividad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los cambios en algunas propiedades edáficas generados por los siguientes cambios en el uso de la tierra: 1) Pastizal Natural (PN) a agricultura (AGR); 2) PN a forestación con pinos (MP); y 3) Franjas raleadas dentro de MP: pastizal secundario (PS). Se tomaron muestras de suelo representativas de tales situaciones y se analizaron propiedades químicas y bioquímicas. Todos los sistemas produjeron una reducción del pH y aumento en la saturación con H+ del suelo. En los sitios MP y PS se produjo un aumento del carbono orgánico total del suelo (COT). El N potencialmente mineralizable por incubación anaeróbica (Nan) de estos sitios fue muy inferior al de PN, probablemente por diferencias en la calidad de su materia orgánica. PS disminuyó disminución en la acidez del suelo, y aumento del Nan y del P- extractable. En AGR se halló acidificación pero en menor grado, reducción del COT, Nan y P extractable. Los cambios observados indican que en sitios donde se reemplazó vegetación nativa por forestación con pinos, al retirarse la vegetación introducida, el suelo tiende rápidamente a recuperar sus características originales.The replacement of native vegetation of grasslands by agriculture, or by afforestation, causes changes in the properties of the soil, affecting its productivity. The objective of this research was to study the changes in some edaphic properties generated by the following changes in land use: 1) Natural grassland (PN) to agriculture (AGR); 2) PN to afforestation with pines (MP); 3) Strips thinned within MP: secondary grassland (PS). Soil samples were taken from each system, and both chemical and biochemical properties were analyzed. All the systems recorded a reduction of the pH and an increase in the H+ saturation of the soil. An increase in the total organic carbon (COT) was observed in MP and PS. The anaerobic N mineralization potential (Nan) of these sites was much lower than that of PN, probably due to differences in the quality of their organic matter. PS generated a decrease in soil acidity, and an increase in Nan and P extractable. Acidification was lower in AGR, but it recorded the highest reduction in COT, Nan and P extractable. The changes observed indicate that the original characteristics of the soil tend to recover quickly in places where introduced vegetation was replaced

Physical Fitness and Self-Rated Health in Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

Self-rated health (SRH) is an independent determinant for all-cause mortality. We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of components of physical fitness with SRH at baseline (cross-sectional) and two years later (longitudinal) in children and adolescents. Spanish youth (N = 1378) aged 8 to 17.9 years participated at baseline. The dropout rate at 2-year follow-up was 19.5% (n = 270). Participants were categorized as either children (8 to 11.9 years age) or adolescents (12 to 17.9 years age). The ALPHA health- related fitness test battery for youth was used to assess physical fitness, and SRH was measured by a single-item question. Cumulative link, ANOVA and ANCOVA models were fitted to analyze the data. Cardiorespiratory fitness, relative upper body isometric muscular strength, muscular strength score, and global physical fitness were positively associated with SRH in children (OR, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.020-1.076; OR, 18.921; 95% CI, 3.47-104.355; OR, 1.213; 95% CI, 1.117-1.319, and OR, 1.170; 95% CI, 1.081-1.266, respectively; all p < 0.001) and adolescents (OR, 1.057; 95% CI, 1.037-1.076; OR, 5.707; 95% CI, 1.122-29.205; OR, 1.169; 95% CI, 1.070-1.278, and OR, 1.154 95% CI, 1.100-1.210, respectively; all p < 0.001); and motor fitness was positively associated with SRH only in adolescents at baseline (OR, 1.192; 95% CI, 1.066-1.309; p < 0.01). Cardiorespiratory fitness and global physical fitness were positively associated with SRH in children two years later (OR, 1.056; 95% CI, 1.023-1.091; p < 0.001; and OR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.031-1.136; p < 0.01; respectively). Only cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with SRH in children and adolescents at baseline (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.029-1.090; and OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.050-1.097, respectively; both p < 0.001) and two years later (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.040-1.112; p < 0.001; and OR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.014-1.074; p < 0.01, respectively). A high level of cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline or maintaining high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness from the baseline to 2-year follow-up were associated with a higher level of SRH at 2-year follow-up in children (p < 0.01) and adolescents (p < 0.05). These findings emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness as strong predictor of present and future SRH in youth. Intervention programs to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness level of the youth population are urgently needed for present and future youth's health